Skin Cancer

Basal cell carcinoma accounts
80%
of skin cancer diagnoses
Each year approximately
3.3 million Americans
are diagnosed
Accounts for
8 out of 10
cancers of the skin

Types of Skin Cancer

The type of skin cancer a person may get is determined by where the cancer begins. If the cancer begins in skin cells called basal cells, the person has basal cell skin cancer. When cells that give our skin its color become cancerous, melanoma develops.

Basal cell carcinoma

This is the most common type of all skin cancers and occurs in 1 of 5 Americans. Over 1,000,000 Americans will be diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma this year and we treat over 1500 per year.

It typically grows slowly and usually develops on areas of the body frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and head. Basal cell carcinoma usually appears as a shiny bump or nodule, pink growth, or flat lesion that’s brown or flesh-toned.

Early diagnosis and treatment for are important. Basal cell carcinoma can grow deep, left untreated can  penetrate the nerves and bones, causing damage and disfigurement.

The forms of treatment for this type of skin cancer include:

  • radiation therapy
  • Mohs surgery
  • surgical excision
  • electrodessication and curettage
  • topical chemotherapy
This is the most common type of skin cancer. It looks like a flesh-colored, pearl-like bump, or pinkish patch of skin.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma also grows slowly, but it can grow deep into the skin. It frequently develops on sun-exposed skin, including the face, ears, lips, and hands, and can appear as a scaly patch, a red bump that’s firm to the touch, or an open sore.

Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent from growing deep and spreading to other areas of the body.

The forms of treatment for this type of skin cancer include:

  • radiation therapy
  • Mohs surgery
  • electrodessication and curettage
  • topical chemotherapy
 
The second most common type of skin cancer. Often looks like a red firm bump, scaly patch, or a sore that heals and then re-opens.

Actinic Keratoses

Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is a skin disorder that causes rough, scaly patches of skin. Actinic keratosis forms on skin damaged by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or indoor tanning beds. Approximately 58 million Americans have one or more spots of actinic keratosis.

Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin growth that can turn into a common type of skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma.

Because an AK can turn into a type of skin cancer, treatment is important.

These dry, scaly patches or spots are precancerous growths.

Melanoma

Melanoma spreads quickly and is the most serious form of skin cancer. It can develop within a mole that you already have on your skin, or it can appear suddenly as a dark spot or lesion that looks different from the rest of the marks on your skin. Melanoma can also appear as a black, blue, white, or red/pink lesion or mole with a jagged or irregular border.

Melanoma can be found anywhere on the body (scalp, groin, buttocks, bottoms of the feet, and between the toes).

Knowing the ABCDE warning signs of melanoma can help you find an early melanoma.

The treatment for this type of skin cancer is multi-faceted and determined by pathology.

The deadliest form of skin cancer. Frequently develops in a mole or suddenly appears as a new dark spot on the skin.

Risk Factors

Men are more likely than women to get basal or squamous cell skin cancer. Your risk also rises as you age.

Other risk factors include:

  • Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure from sunlight or indoor tanning beds
  • Light-colored skin
  • Previous skin cancer
  • Long-term or severe skin injury, such as scarring, burns, or damage caused by an inflammatory skin disease
  • Exposure to chemicals like arsenic, coal tar, paraffin, and certain types of petroleum products
  • Radiation exposure, such as radiation treatment for cancer patients
  • Weakened immune system

How Are Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed?

Your dermatologist will carefully examine your skin from head to toe, including your scalp and the soles of your feet. Along with the visual exam, we may use a technique called dermoscopy to see the spots on your skin more clearly.

If we find a suspicious area that could be cancerous, our next step is a basal and squamous cell biopsy. This involves taking a sample from the area (or removing the growth entirely) and reviewing it under a microscope to check for the presence of cancer cells.

Is Early Detection Possible?

Knowing your own skin is key to finding skin cancer early. Learn the patterns of your moles, freckles, and other blemishes so you’ll notice any changes. The warning signs for basal and squamous cell carcinoma include any new growths or changes in size, color, or shape over time.